In the context of the fourth paragraph, the underlined term in “‘On some fundamental level, we believe that the closer
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In almost every discipline, success comes from a combination of talent and determination. But if you listen to most famous figures describe their life journeys, you’ll soon hear them exaggerating their hard work, while strangely diminishing the role of their innate abilities.
Thomas Edison may be the most often quoted, with his claim that “genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration”, but many other variations exist. Just consider Octavia Butler’s advice for new writers. “Forget talent. If you have it, fine. Use it. If you don’t have it, it doesn’t matter. As habit is more reliable than inspiration, continued learning is more reliable than talent.” The Portuguese footballer Cristiano Ronaldo also emphasises the blood, sweat and tears that went into his training. “Talent without work is nothing,” he said, when asked about the secrets of his success.
Such narratives may be beneficial for celebrated figures who wish to appear humble and wise. But recent psychological research shows overemphasising the importance of hard work would be prejudicial in many professional situations — thanks to a phenomenon known as the “naturalness bias”.
These studies suggest people have greater respect for those with an innate gift than for those who have had to strive for their success.
In consumer psychology, the term “naturalness bias” is often used to describe our preference for natural over synthetic goods. “On some fundamental level, we believe that the closer something is to its original state, the less adulterated it is, the more desirable it is,” declared Malcolm Gladwell, the author of a study on the topic. As says Chia-Jung Tsay, a professor at University College London School, “The naturalness bias is very generalizable across domains, ages and cultures.”
(David Robson. www.bbc.com, 22.05.2023. Adaptado.)
FMJ 2024 - QUESTÃO 45
In the context of the fourth paragraph, the underlined term in “‘On some fundamental level, we believe that the closer something is to its original state, the less adulterated it is, the more desirable it is’” refers to
(A) the writer and readers of the text.
(B) consumers who prefer synthetic goods.
(C) consumers in general.
(D) consumers’ preference for natural goods.
(E) researchers in consumer psychology.
QUESTÃO ANTERIOR:
GABARITO:
(C) consumers in general.
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