Texto para as perguntas de 9 a 15 . THE PERCEPTION OF TIME A number of competing ideas explain why, as we age, our perception of time accele...
Texto para as perguntas de 9 a 15.
THE PERCEPTION OF TIME
A number of competing ideas explain why, as we age, our perception of time accelerates. One theory notes that our metabolism slows as we get older, matching the slowing of our heartbeats and our breathing. Just as with a stopwatch [cronômetro] that is set to run fast, children’s versions of these “biological clocks” tick more quickly. In a fixed period of time children experience more beats of these biological pacemakers [marca-passos] (breaths or heartbeats, for example), making them feel as if a longer time has elapsed.
A competing theory suggests that our perception of time’s passage depends on the amount of new perceptual information we are subjected to from our environment. The more novel stimuli, the longer our brains take to process the information. The corresponding period of time seems, at least in retrospect, to last longer. This argument can explain the movie-like perception of events playing out in slow motion in the moments immediately preceding an accident. It might be that rather than time actually slowing during the event, our recollection of the event is decelerated in hindsight [compreensão tardia], as our brain records more detailed memories based on the flood of data it receives. Experiments on subjects experiencing the unfamiliar sensation of free fall [queda livre] have demonstrated this.
This theory ties in nicely with the acceleration of perceived time. As we age, we tend to become more familiar with our environments and with life experiences. Our daily commutes [deslocamentos de ida e volta entre a casa e o lugar de trabalho], which might initially have appeared long and challenging, full of new sights and opportunities for wrong turns, now flash by as we navigate familiar routes on autopilot.
It is different for children. Their worlds are often surprising places filled with unfamiliar experiences. Youngsters are constantly reconfiguring their models of the world around them, which takes mental effort and seems to make the sand run more slowly through their hourglasses [ampulhetas] than for routine-bound [amarrados à rotina] adults. The greater our acquaintance with the routines of everyday life, the quicker we perceive time to pass, and generally, as we age, this familiarity increases. This theory suggests that, to make our time last longer, we should fill our lives with new and varied experiences, eschewing [evitando] the time-sapping [consumidora de tempo] routine of the mundane.
Neither idea explains the almost perfectly regular rate at which our perception of time seems to accelerate. Thefact that the length of a fixed period of time appears to reduce continually as we age suggests an “exponential scale” to time. We employ exponential scales instead of traditional linear scales when measuring quantities that vary over a huge range of different values.
Adapted from Natural History, February 2020.
FGV-SP 2022 (Administração) - QUESTÃO 15
As explained in the last paragraph, an exponential scale would most likely be applied to help us understand all of the following phenomena except
a) a 10-year period in a person’s life that seems to pass as quickly as an earlier 5-year period.
b) a local outbreak of an infectious disease that quickly spreads and turns into a serious epidemic.
c) the energy released by a major earthquake.
d) the nature of the sound waves produced by a huge explosion.
e) the action of one domino knocking over another domino until all the dominos in a long line are down.
QUESTÃO ANTERIOR:
RESOLUÇÃO (Cursos Objetivo):
De acordo com as alternativas apresentadas, a ação de um dominó batendo em outro dominó até que todos sejam derrubados em uma fila longa, Seria explicada por uma escala linear tradicional e não por meio de uma escala exponencial, como afirmada no último parágrafo do texto.
GABARITO:
e) the action of one domino knocking over another domino until all the dominos in a long line are down.
PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
QUESTÃO DISPONÍVEL EM: