Racism was at the heart of North American slavery and the colonization and empire-building activities of western
Leia o texto abaixo e responda às questões 17 e 18.
Racism was at the heart of North American slavery and the colonization and empire-building activities of western Europeans, especially in the 18th century. The idea of race was invented to magnify the differences between people of European origin and those of African descent whose ancestors had been involuntarily enslaved and transported to the Americas. By characterizing Africans and their African American descendants as lesser human beings, the proponents of slavery attempted to justify and maintain the system of exploitation while portraying the United States as a bastion and champion of human freedom, with human rights, democratic institutions, unlimited opportunities, and equality. The contradiction between slavery and the ideology of human equality, accompanying a philosophy of human freedom and dignity, seemed to demand the dehumanization of those enslaved.
By the 19th century, racism had matured and spread around the world. In many countries, leaders began to think of the ethnic components of their own societies, usually religious or language groups, in racial terms and to designate “higher” and “lower” races. Those seen as the low-status races, especially in colonized areas, were exploited for their labour, and discrimination against them became a common pattern in many areas of the world. The expressions and feelings of racial superiority that accompanied colonialism generated resentment and hostility from those who were colonized and exploited, feelings that continued even after independence.
Since the mid-20th century many conflicts around the world have been interpreted in racial terms even though their origins were in the ethnic hostilities that have long characterized many human societies (e.g., Arabs and Jews, English and Irish). Racism reflects an acceptance of the deepest forms and degrees of divisiveness and carries the implication that differences between groups are so great that they cannot be transcended.
(Disponível em: https://www.britannica.com/topic/racism (adaptado)).
UNIRV 2021 - QUESTÃO 17
Assinale V (verdadeiro) ou F (falso) para as alternativas.
a) ( ) O texto se concentra na questão do racismo, abordando sua relação com a escravidão nosEstados Unidos, entre outros aspectos do tema.
b) ( ) Liberdade, direitos humanos, instituições democráticas eram conceitos associados aos Estados Unidos, o que não se contrapunha à escravidão, uma vez que essa era justificada em termos econômicos.
c) ( ) Para o autor, a ideia de racismo estava no cerne da escravatura norte-americana e do processo de colonização levado a cabo pelos países do leste europeu, particularmente no século 18.
d) ( ) Os defensores do racismo afirmavam que os africanos e seus descendentes eram seres humanos inferiores, de menor importância, para justificar a exploração escravocrata.
QUESTÃO ANTERIOR:
GABARITO:
A) V
B) F
C) F
D) V
RESOLUÇÃO:
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